Lived Experiences of Gig Workers in Ogun Sate, Nigeria: Social Innovation, Job Security, and Well-being in Emerging Wok Arrangements

Abstract

The gig economy has transformed labour markets by creating flexible income-generating opportunities, but it is also associated with limited social protection, job insecurity, and declining worker well-being. In Nigeria, where formal employment opportunities remain scarce despite a growing youth population, many individuals depend on platform-based and informal work. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the experiences of gig workers, particularly outside major urban centres.

This study examines the lived experiences of gig workers in Ogun State, a strategically located state bordering Lagos with a growing but underexplored gig economy. Guided by Precarity Theory and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the research adopted a phenomenological qualitative approach. Data were collected from 18 participants engaged in ride-hailing, delivery and logistics services, and digital freelancing. The data were analysed thematically to identify key patterns and meanings.

The findings reveal a paradoxical reality in which gig work serves as an important source of livelihood while simultaneously exposing workers to precarious conditions. Participants reported unstable earnings, lack of formal social protection, and vulnerability to occupational risks. A major finding is the “paradox of flexibility,” where increased autonomy and control over work schedules are offset by heightened economic uncertainty and insecurity. Many workers also experienced physical exhaustion and psychological stress. To cope with these challenges, workers relied on grassroots social innovations such as Ajo (informal savings schemes).

The study highlights the need for policies that promote decent work through portable benefits, stronger social protection, and support for worker-led initiatives and sustainable labour practices.