Small States in Great Power Competition: Where Does Kosovo Stand?

Abstract

This paper analyzes Kosovo’s position as a small state in the context of intensifying great power competition. In today’s international system, global dynamics are increasingly shaped by strategic rivalries and shifts in the international order, where small states often have limited influence and are subject to external pressures. The study uses qualitative methods and a theoretical framework based on balancing, bandwagoning, and hedging to examine foreign policy behavior. Empirically, it focuses on Kosovo’s relations with key global actors, particularly the United States, Russia, and China. The findings show Kosovo’s consistent alignment with Western alliances, especially in security policy, while the lack of recognition from Russia and China continues to constrain its international consolidation and participation in international organizations. A SWOT analysis highlights strengths such as strong Western support and security cooperation, as well as weaknesses including limited diplomatic capacity and partial recognition. Overall, the prospects for Euro-Atlantic integration remain open but are increasingly shaped by global rivalries and regional dynamics.