Human Trafficking between Romania and the Republic of Moldova: Legislative Harmonization and Jurisdictional Controversies

Abstract

The article examines the phenomenon of human trafficking between Romania and the Republic of Moldova from a comparative criminal law perspective. Starting from the incriminating provisions of the national penal codes, the analysis highlights the convergences generated by the Palermo Convention, as well as the legislative and institutional differences that create practical jurisdictional dilemmas. The research emphasizes the differing philosophies of sanctions, the role of specialized institutions (DIICOT and PCCOCS), and the importance of international cooperation through Eurojust and Europol. Through a narrative and applied approach, the study shows how territoriality, personal jurisdiction, and international standards influence the investigation and adjudication of cases. The innovative contribution lies in the integration of migration legislation within the criminal framework, demonstrating how expulsion, asylum, and residence permits interact with criminal sanctions. The article concludes that, beyond the severity of punishments, the real challenge lies in reducing the demand that fuels exploitation, underlining the fact that human trafficking remains one of the most dangerous and profitable forms of modern slavery.