Legal Challenges of the TikTok Platform within the European Union Framework: The Case of Albania

Abstract

In the contemporary digital landscape, social media platforms have transcended their initial purpose of facilitating personal connections, evolving into influential arenas for information dissemination, entertainment, commerce, and political engagement. This evolution underscores the necessity for comprehensive legal framework that addresses the multifaceted challenges posed by these platforms, particularly concerning user rights, content regulation, and platform accountability.

The European Union's Digital Service Act (DSA) represents a significant legislative advancement aimed at creating a safer and more transparent online environment. By imposing obligations on very large online platforms, the DSA seeks to mitigate systemic risks and ensure the protection of fundamental rights within the digital sphere.

This paper examines the legal challenges associated with the operation of TikTok within the European Union, with a specific focus on Albania's regulatory response. In early 2025, the Albanian government implemented a one-year suspension of TikTok, citing concerns over the platform's impact on youth behavior and public safety. This action has sparked a national debate on the balance between safeguarding minors and upholding freedom of expression.

Through an analysis of the existing legal frameworks and the specific measures adopted by Albania, this study explores the complexities of regulating digital platforms in a manner that protects vulnerable populations without infringing upon fundamental rights. The paper aims to provide insights into the development of balanced legal strategies that align with European standards while addressing national concerns.