Fundamental Human Rights During Armed Conflicts

Abstract

Armed conflicts seriously endanger fundamental human rights, affecting the right to life, to physical and mental integrity, to liberty and dignity. In these circumstances, the international legal framework provided by International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHR) is essential for the protection of civilians, prisoners of war and other vulnerable persons. IHL, through conventions such as those of Geneva, establishes clear rules on humane treatment and limits the actions permitted in war, thus protecting persons who do not participate directly in hostilities. In parallel, the IHR continues to apply during conflicts, although some rights may be limited in emergency situations, provided that the principles of proportionality and necessity are respected. However, the frequent violations of these norms during wars highlight the urgent need to strengthen mechanisms for monitoring and holding accountable those responsible for crimes against humanity or other abuses. Protecting fundamental rights during armed conflicts remains a major challenge, but also an essential moral and legal obligation to maintain humanity in the most difficult times.