Functional Structure of Criminology as an Interdisciplinary Science

Abstract

The article analyzes the functional structure of criminology as an interdisciplinary field that integrates descriptive, explanatory, predictive, preventive, and evaluative dimensions into a unified system of scientific inquiry. It outlines the theoretical foundations, methodological principles, and practical significance of these functions, emphasizing their cyclical and mutually reinforcing character. Special attention is given to the role of criminological functions in shaping evidence-based crime prevention and forecasting, as well as in supporting informed criminal policy. The study highlights contemporary challenges, including cybercrime, organized crime, and the growing need for data transparency, with illustrative references to the context of the Republic of Moldova. The article argues for a systemic and interdisciplinary approach to strengthen criminology’s capacity to address evolving forms of criminality