Responsibility of actors involved in conflicts

Abstract

The responsibility of actors involved in armed conflicts is essential for the respect of international humanitarian law and fundamental human rights. This responsibility lies with both States and non-State armed groups, international organisations and other parties involved. All actors have the obligation to protect the civilian population, to prevent war crimes and other serious abuses, and to respect the rules applicable during hostilities.

The rigour of respect for fundamental rights and freedoms goes beyond the Community framework, becoming a strong point in the external relations existing at Union level. The existence of a multitude of agreements that have been concluded with numerous countries includes provisions that may go as far as providing for the suspension of relations or the denunciation of agreements in the event of a serious violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms by one of the contracting parties (Corsei A., Zisu M.A., Țoncu S., 2023, p. 55).

States are obliged to ensure that their armed forces comply with international law and to prevent violations committed on their territory. Non-state armed groups, although they do not have the legitimacy of a state, are subject to the same rules regarding the protection of civilians and respect for the laws of war. International organizations, such as the United Nations, play a key role in monitoring compliance with the rules and holding those responsible for violations accountable.

International legal mechanisms, such as the International Criminal Court, are essential for investigating and punishing crimes committed during conflicts. Cooperation between states, international organizations and civil society is also vital to promoting accountability and reducing the impact of conflicts on the population (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2021).

Thus, assuming responsibility by all actors involved is fundamental for the protection of victims, the prevention of abuses and the establishment of an international order based on respect for rights and legal norms.