Physico-chemical and sensory evaluation of different vanaspati ghee available in Pakistan

Abstract

The purpose of the present work was to access the physic-chemical and sensory quality of 40 brands of Vanaspati ghee commercially available in Pakistan. The quality of Vanaspati ghee is determined in term of different physicochemical tests such as free fatty acid value, rancidity, color, smell, physical appearance, refractive index, and presence of vitamins. Analysis results showed that Free Fatty Acid value and rancidity value significantly deviate from the standards set by Pakistan Standard and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA). While color, refractive index, appearance and smell values are in compliance with the standards set by PSQCA. Analysis results also disclose that only 52.5% brands contain vitamins and only 3 brands were found to meet with all major national and international specifications. The above results showed severe deviation of product development from the standards of PSQCA.